| Cao Xiaowei,Lu Peng,Lei Ruibo,Wang Qingkai,Li Zhijun. 2020. Physical and optical characteristics of sea ice in the Pacific Arctic Sector during the summer of 2018. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(9):25－37 |
| Physical and optical characteristics of sea ice in the Pacific Arctic Sector during the summer of 2018 |
| 2018年北极太平洋区域夏季海冰物理及光学性质的研究 |
| Received:October 22, 2019 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-020-1645-6 |
| Key words:sea ice snow refreezing melt pond physical properties albedo |
| 中文关键词: 海冰 积雪 冻结融池 物理性质 反照率 |
| 基金项目:The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2017YFE0111400 and 2018YFA0605903; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41922045, 41876213 and 51579024. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Cao Xiaowei | State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China | | | Lu Peng | State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China | lupeng@dlut.edu.cn | | Lei Ruibo | MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China | | | Wang Qingkai | State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China | | | Li Zhijun | State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| The reduction in Arctic sea ice in summer has been reported to have a significant impact on the global climate. In this study, Arctic sea ice/snow at the end of the melting season in 2018 was investigated during CHINARE-2018, in terms of its temperature, salinity, density and textural structure, the snow density, water content and albedo, as well as morphology and albedo of the refreezing melt pond. The interior melting of sea ice caused a strong stratification of temperature, salinity and density. The temperature of sea ice ranged from –0.8℃ to 0℃, and exhibited linear cooling with depth. The average salinity and density of sea ice were approximately 1.3 psu and 825 kg/m3, respectively, and increased slightly with depth. The first-year sea ice was dominated by columnar grained ice. Snow cover over all the investigated floes was in the melt phase, and the average water content and density were 0.74% and 241 kg/m3, respectively. The thickness of the thin ice lid ranged from 2.2 cm to 7.0 cm, and the depth of the pond ranged from 1.8 cm to 26.8 cm. The integrated albedo of the refreezing melt pond was in the range of 0.28–0.57. Because of the thin ice lid, the albedo of the melt pond improved to twice as high as that of the mature melt pond. These results provide a reference for the current state of Arctic sea ice and the mechanism of its reduction. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 研究表明北极海冰减少对全球气候变化产生了重要影响。中国第9次北极科学考察对2018年夏季北极海冰的温度、盐度、密度，积雪的含水量、密度、反照率，冻结融池的形态和反照率等进行了观测。海冰的内部融化引起了温度、盐度和密度的分层变化。海冰的温度在-0.8至0℃之间，并随着深度逐渐降低。与海冰温度随深度的变化趋势相反，海冰盐度和密度随深度略有增加，平均值分别约为1.3 psu和825 kg/m3。此次观测的海冰均为一年冰，晶体结构以柱状冰为主。所测量的表面覆盖积雪均处在融化期，平均含水量与密度分别为0.74%和241 kg/m3。冻结融池的覆冰厚度在2.2至7.0 cm 之间，融池深度在1.8到26.8 cm之间，反照率在0.28至0.57之间。融池表层覆盖的薄冰有效的提高了反照率，使其反照率比普通融池高出约一倍。此次的观测结果对分析北极海冰的现状和减少机制有重要的参考价值。 |
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