| Song Zhenya,Liu Hailong,Chen Xingrong. 2020. Eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle in global climate models: from CMIP5 to CMIP6. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(7):50－60 |
| Eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle in global climate models: from CMIP5 to CMIP6 |
| 全球气候模式中赤道东太平洋海表温度的季节循环：从CMIP5到CMIP6 |
| Received:August 15, 2019 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-020-1623-z |
| Key words:CMIP5 CMIP6 eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle |
| 中文关键词: CMIP5 CMIP6 赤道东太平洋 海表温度季节循环 |
| 基金项目:The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No. 2016YFA0602200; the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institute of China under contract No. 2016S03; the grant of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract Nos 2017ASTCP-ES04 and QNLM20160RP0101; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41776019; the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation under contract No. 16ZR1416200; the China-Korea Cooperation Project on Northwestern Pacific Climate Change and its Prediction. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Song Zhenya | First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China | | | Liu Hailong | School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China | | | Chen Xingrong | National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China | luckychen@nmefc.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| The sea surface temperature (SST) seasonal cycle in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) plays an important role in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. However, the reasonable simulation of SST seasonal cycle in the EEP is still a challenge for climate models. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of 17 CMIP6 climate models in simulating the seasonal cycle in the EEP and compared them with 43 CMIP5 climate models. In general, only CESM2 and SAM0-UNICON are able to successfully capture the annual mean SST characteristics, and the results showed that CMIP6 models have no fundamental improvement in the model annual mean bias. For the seasonal cycle, 14 out of 17 climate models are able to represent the major characteristics of the observed SST annual evolution. In spring, 12 models capture the 1–2 months leading the eastern equatorial Pacific region 1 (EP1; 5°S–5°N, 110°–85°W) against the eastern equatorial Pacific region 2 (EP2; 5°S–5°N, 140°–110°W). In autumn, only two models, GISS-E2-G and SAM0-UNICON, correctly show that the EP1 and EP2 SSTs vary in phase. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP1, both the cold bias along the equator in the warm phase and the warm bias in the cold phase lead to a weaker annual SST cycle in the CGCMs, which is similar to the CMIP5 results. However, both the seasonal cold bias and warm bias are considerably decreased for CMIP6, which leads the annual SST cycle to more closely reflect the observation. For the CMIP6 MME SST simulation in EP2, the amplitude is similar to the observed value due to the quasi-constant cold bias throughout the year, although the cold bias is clearly improved after August compared with CMIP5 models. Overall, although SAM0-UNICON successfully captured the seasonal cycle characteristics in the EEP and the improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in simulating EEP SST is clear, the fundamental climate models simulated biases still exist. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 赤道东太平洋存在显著的向西传播的海表温度（SST）年循环信号，该信号在厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）事件中起到了重要的作用。本文评估了17个参与第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的全球气候模式对赤道东太平洋SST年循环的模拟能力。结果表明：14个CMIP6气候模式能够模拟出较为显著的年循环信号；在春季，12个气候模式能够刻画出EP1（5°S-5°N，110°W-85°W）区域SST变化领先EP2（5°S-5°N，140°W-110°W）区域1-2个月的特征（即向西传播特征）；但是在秋季，只有2个模式（GISS-E2-G和SAM0-UNICON）能够正确地刻画EP1和EP2区域SST同位相变化的特征。进一步与43个CMIP5多模式平均的结果对比分析表明：在EP1区域，尽管CMIP6模式模拟的年循环振幅已有了较大改进，但仍呈现出与CMIP5模式类似的振幅偏弱问题；在EP2区域，CMIP6模式与CMIP5模式一致，SST年循环振幅与观测基本一致，但SST在气候态上存在一个冷偏差。总的来说，相对于CMIP5气候模式，尽管多数CMIP6气候模式对EP1区域的年循环振幅模拟有明显的改进，并且模式SAM0-UNICON成功地模拟出了赤道东太平洋SST年循环的整体特征，但是如太平洋冷舌过冷等基本的气候模式模拟偏差仍然存在，赤道东太平洋SST年循环的模拟能力未有根本性改善。 |
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