| Chen Xingrong,Liu Zenghong,Wang Haiyan,Xu Dongfeng,Wang Lei. 2019. Significant salinity increase in subsurface waters of the South China Sea during 2016–2017. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(11):51－61 |
| Significant salinity increase in subsurface waters of the South China Sea during 2016–2017 |
| 2016-2017年间南中国海次表层海水盐度的上升现象研究 |
| Received:July 26, 2019 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-019-1498-z |
| Key words:South China Sea|salinification|subsurface|Luzon Strait transport |
| 中文关键词: 南中国海,盐度升高,次表层,吕宋海峡输运 |
| 基金项目:The National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China under contract No. 2016YFC0304105; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41621064, 41606003 and U1811464; the Sino-German cooperation project “The Response of Circulation and Ecosystem of Northwestern South China Shelf Sea to the Anthropogenic and Nature Influences”. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Chen Xingrong | National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China | | | Liu Zenghong | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China | liuzenghong@139.com | | Wang Haiyan | National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China | | | Xu Dongfeng | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | Wang Lei | Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest semi-enclosed marginal sea in the North Pacific. Salinity changes in the SCS play an important role in regional and global ocean circulation and the hydrological cycle. However, there are few studies on salinity changes over the SCS due to lack of high-quality and long-term observations. In the past decade, the deployment of floats from the Argo program in the SCS and their accumulated temperature and salinity profiles have made it possible for us to examine salinity changes over the entire basin. In this study, salinity changes were investigated with Argo and underwater glider temperature and salinity observations and gridded temperature–salinity objective analyses (UK Met Office Hadley Centre EN4.2.1 objective analysis and China Argo Real-time Data Center BOA_Argo). The results indicated that the subsurface water in the entire SCS became significantly saltier during 2016–2017. The most significant salinity increase was found during 2016 in the northeastern SCS. The subsurface water in the northeastern SCS exhibited a salinity maximum above 35, which was recorded by three Argo floats during 2015–2016. Such high salinity water was rarely observed and reported prior to the Argo era. Average salinity of 2016–2017 along the 25.5σθ–23.5σθ isopycnal surfaces in the whole SCS is 0.014-0.130 higher than the climatology. Increases in subsurface salinity started from the northeastern SCS and extended southwestward gradually. Moreover, the subsurface salinity changes, especially in the northern SCS, exhibited a semiannual lead behind the subsurface Luzon Strait transport. Further analysis indicated that the predominance of advection, driven by subsurface Luzon Strait transport, led to salinification along the western boundary of the SCS. In other parts of the SCS, negative wind stress curl trends tended to preserve the high salinity characteristics of the subsurface water. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 南中国海是北太平洋最大的半封闭边缘海，其盐度变化在区域和全球海洋环流和水文循环中起着重要的作用。然而由于缺乏高质量的长期观测，对南中国海盐度变化的研究很少。在过去的十年里，Argo计划部署在南中国海的浮标以及它们积累的温度和盐度剖面使得我们能够研究整个海盆的盐度变化。本文利用Argo、水下滑翔机的温度和盐度观测、以及网格化温度-盐度客观分析产品（英国Met Office Hadley中心的EN4.2.1、中国Argo实时数据中心的BOA_Argo）来研究南中国海的盐度变化。结果表明，2016-2017年间整个南中国海次表层水体明显变咸。最显著的盐度上升发生在2016年的南海东北部。2015-2016年间有三个Argo浮标显示东北部次表层水体的最大盐度超过了35 psu，而在Argo之前很少有人观测到这种高盐水。2016-2017年间南中国海25.5-23.5等密度层的平均盐度比气候态高0.014-0.130 psu。次表层盐度的升高开始于南中国海东北部，逐渐向西南延伸。此外，次表层盐度的变化，特别是在南中国海北部，比吕宋海峡次表层的输运变化滞后半年左右。进一步分析表明，吕宋海峡次表层输运驱动的平流过程导致了南中国海西边界的盐度升高。在其他区域，负的风应力旋度维持了南中国海次表层水体的高盐特性。 |
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