| Wang Lu,Zhou Lei,Xie Lingling,Zheng Quanan,Li Qiang,Li Mingming. 2019. Seasonal and interannual variability of water mass sources of Indonesian throughflow in the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(4):58－71 |
| Seasonal and interannual variability of water mass sources of Indonesian throughflow in the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea |
| 印尼贯穿流源区马鲁古海与哈马黑拉海水团来源的季节和年际变化 |
| Received:February 09, 2018 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-019-1413-7 |
| Key words:water mass Indonesian throughflow monsoon ENSO Maluku Sea Halmahera Sea |
| 中文关键词: 水团 印尼贯穿流 季风 ENSO 马鲁古海 哈马黑拉海 |
| 基金项目:The GASI Project under contract Nos GASI-IPOVAI-01-02 and GASI-02-SCS-YGST2-02; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41776034 and 41706025; the Foundation of Guangdong Province for Outstanding Young Teachers in University under contract No. YQ201588. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Wang Lu | Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variability and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Department of Navigation, PLA Navy Petty Officer Academy, Bengbu 233012, China | | | Zhou Lei | School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China | | | Xie Lingling | Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variability and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China | llingxie@163.com | | Zheng Quanan | Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA | | | Li Qiang | Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variability and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China | | | Li Mingming | Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variability and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| So far, large uncertainties of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) reside in the eastern Indonesian seas, such as the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea. In this study, the water sources of the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea are diagnosed at seasonal and interannual timescales and at different vertical layers, using the state-of-the-art simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) for Earth Simulator (OFES). Asian monsoon leaves clear seasonal footprints on the eastern Indonesian seas. Consequently, the subsurface waters (around 24.5σθ and at~150 m) in both the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea stem from the South Pacific (SP) during winter monsoon, but during summer monsoon the Maluku Sea is from the North Pacific (NP), and the Halmahera Sea is a mixture of waters originating from the NP and the SP. The monsoon impact decreases with depth, so that in the Maluku Sea, the intermediate water (around 26.8σθ and at~480 m) is always from the northern Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea water is mainly from the SP in winter and the Banda Sea in summer. The deep waters (around 27.2σθ and at~1 040 m) in both seas are from the SP, with weak seasonal variability. At the interannual timescale, the subsurface water in the Maluku Sea originates from the NP/SP during El Niño/La Niña, while the subsurface water in the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. Similar to the seasonal variability, the intermediate water in Maluku Sea mainly comes from the Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. The deep waters in both seas are from the SP. Our findings are helpful for drawing a comprehensive picture of the water properties in the Indonesian seas and will contribute to a better understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interaction over the maritime continent. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 迄今为止，印尼贯穿流的不确定性主要来源于东印尼海，如马鲁古海和哈马黑拉海。本文利用OFES数据分析了马鲁古海和哈马黑拉海在季节和年际尺度上不同水层的水团来源。在季节尺度上，亚洲季风对东印尼海存在影响。冬季风时，两个目标海域的次表层水（约24.5σθ， 150米）均来源于南太平洋，而夏季风时，马鲁古海水团来自北太平洋，哈马黑拉海则为南、北太平洋的混合水。季风的影响随着深度增加而减弱：中层（约26.8σθ， 480米），马鲁古海水冬夏均来源于班达海，哈马黑拉海冬季风时来源于南太平洋，夏季风时来源于班达海；深层（约27.2σθ， 1040米），两个目标海域水团均来源于南太平洋，季节变化很弱。在年际尺度上，马鲁古海次表层水在厄尔尼诺期间来源于北太平洋，而在拉尼娜期间来源于南太平洋，哈马黑拉海的次表层水一直来源于南太平洋。和季节变化类似，厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜期间，马鲁古海的中层水主要来源于班达海，而哈马黑拉海中层水主要来源于南太平洋；两个海域的深层水均来源于南太平洋。上述结果有助于描绘印尼海域的复杂水团特征，有助于更好地理解海洋大陆的海气相互作用。 |
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