| ZHONG Yi,CHEN Zhong,GONZALEZ Francisco Javier,ZHENG Xufeng,LI Gang,LUO Yun,MO Aibin,XU Antao,WANG Shuhong. 2018. Rare earth elements and yttrium in ferromanganese deposits from the South China Sea: distribution, composition and resource considerations. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(7):41－54 |
| Rare earth elements and yttrium in ferromanganese deposits from the South China Sea: distribution, composition and resource considerations |
| Rare earth elements and yttrium in ferromanganese deposits from the South China Sea: distribution, composition and resource considerations |
| Received:June 14, 2017 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-018-1205-5 |
| Key words:ferromanganese deposits rare earth elements and yttrium abundance characteristics controlling factors potential source South China Sea |
| 中文关键词: ferromanganese deposits rare earth elements and yttrium abundance characteristics controlling factors potential source South China Sea |
| 基金项目:The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41376057, 41306047, 41676056; the Spanish project SUBVENT under contract No. CGL2012-39524-C02. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHONG Yi | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Department of Marine Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | CHEN Zhong | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China | chzhsouth@scsio.ac.cn | | GONZALEZ Francisco Javier | Geological Survey of Spain (IGME), Madrid 28003, Spain | | | ZHENG Xufeng | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China | | | LI Gang | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China | | | LUO Yun | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | MO Aibin | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | XU Antao | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | WANG Shuhong | Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium (REY), with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources. On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach, the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed. The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity. Total REY contents range from 69.1×10-6 to 2 919.4×10-6, with an average value of 1 459.5×10-6. Especially, the enrichment rate of Ce content is high, accounting for almost 60% of the total REY. This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts. Moreover, the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin. Finally, Light REE (LREE) and heavy REE (HREE) oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades:non-enriched type, weakly enriched type, enriched type, and extremely enriched type. According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources, the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals. |
| 中文摘要: |
| Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium (REY), with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources. On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach, the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed. The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity. Total REY contents range from 69.1×10-6 to 2 919.4×10-6, with an average value of 1 459.5×10-6. Especially, the enrichment rate of Ce content is high, accounting for almost 60% of the total REY. This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts. Moreover, the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin. Finally, Light REE (LREE) and heavy REE (HREE) oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades:non-enriched type, weakly enriched type, enriched type, and extremely enriched type. According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources, the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals. |
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