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SHI Fengdeng,SHI Xuefa,SU Xin,FANG Xisheng,WU Yonghua,CHENG Zhenbo,YAO Zhengquan. 2018. Clay minerals in Arctic Kongsfjorden surface sediments and their implications on provenance and paleoenvironmental change. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(5):29－38

Clay minerals in Arctic Kongsfjorden surface sediments and their implications on provenance and paleoenvironmental change

北极王湾表层沉积物中的粘土矿物及其对物源与古环境变化的指示意义

Received:September 01, 2017 Revised:December 07, 2017

DOI：10.1007/s13131-018-1220-6

Key words:Arctic Pole Kongsfjorden clay mineral provenance sedimentation

中文关键词: 北极王湾粘土矿物物质来源沉积作用

基金项目:The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41606223 and U1606401; the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China under contract No. 2011G27; the Polar Strategic Research Foundation of China under contract No. 20140305; the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province.

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
SHI Fengdeng	School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
SHI Xuefa	Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China	xfshi@fio.org.cn
SU Xin	School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
FANG Xisheng	Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
WU Yonghua	Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
CHENG Zhenbo	Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
YAO Zhengquan	Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China

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Abstract:

Kongsfjorden is a typical fjord on the edge of the ice cap of the Arctic Svalbard-Barents Sea. Its inner bay is connected with a modern glacier front along the direction of the fjord axis with a significant gradient change in the parameters of hydrology, sedimentation, and biology. In summer, ice and snow melt-water and floating ice collapse continuously and thus transport the weathering products on the surrounding land into the sea. Thus Kongsfjorden is regards as a natural laboratory for the study of unique sedimentation in polar fjords under modern glacial-sea water conditions. In this study, fifty-two surface sediments were collected in Kongsfjorden for clay mineral analysis to study the sediment source and sediment-transport process. Our results indicate that clay minerals in the surface sediments from Kongsfjorden are mainly composed of illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, and no smectite is found. Rocks from different periods exposed extensively in the surrounding areas of Kongsfjorden provide an important material basis for clay minerals in the Kongsfjorden. Kaolinite may be mainly derived from the fluvial deposits, weathered from reddish sandstones and conglomerates during the Carboniferous Period. Illite is mainly derived from Proterozoic low-grade and medium-grade metamorphic phyllite, mica schist, and gneiss. While chlorite is mainly from Proterozoic low-grade metamorphic phyllite and mica schist. In the direction from the fluvio-glacial estuary to the sea of the glacier front of Kongsfjorden, illite increase gradually, and the content of kaolinite declines gradually. However, the change pattern of chlorite is insignificant, which may be related to the provenance. Kongsfjorden detritus is mainly transported by the fluvio-glacial streams and icebergs into the sea and deposited in the inner bay. Coarse sediments are rapidly deposited in the glacier front, estuary, and near-shore areas. Clay fraction begins to deposit significantly by 200-400 m after flowing into the sea, which due to the crystal behavior of clay minerals, hydrodynamic condition and flocculation. Kaolinite and chlorite on the south of the bay near the Blomstrandhalvøya Island is mainly affected by ice-rafted detritus and thus can reveal the trajectory of transportation by the floating ice while entering the sea.

中文摘要:

王湾作为北极斯瓦尔巴德-巴伦支海冰盖边缘处发育的一处典型峡湾，它的内湾仍与现代冰川前缘相连，沿着峡湾轴部方向水文、沉积以及生物等参数呈明显的梯度变化，加上夏季冰雪融水以及崩塌的浮冰将周边陆地上风化剥蚀物质持续不断的输运入海，王湾遂成为研究现代冰-水条件下极地峡湾特有的沉积作用的天然实验室。本文选择在王湾采集的52个表层沉积物开展粘土矿物分析研究，结合周边的区域地质资料，判识出粘土矿物的来源，并对其成因以及沉积搬运过程进行探讨，得出如下结论：（1）王湾表层沉积物中粘土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石组成，未发现蒙皂石；（2）王湾周边地区广泛出露的不同时期岩石为王湾表层沉积物中各类粘土矿物的形成提供了重要的物质基础，其中高岭石可能主要源自中石炭纪以微红色砂岩和砾岩为主的河流相地层；伊利石主要来源于元古代低、中级变质的千枚岩、云母片岩、片麻岩等；绿泥石主要源自元古代低级变质的千枚岩、云母片岩等；（3）王湾表层沉积物中粘土矿物分布呈现出一定规律性：在王湾冰川前缘、冰水河口至向海方向，伊利石含量逐渐增加，高岭石含量逐渐减少，而绿泥石含量变化规律不明显，可能与物源关系密切；（4）王湾碎屑物质主要通过冰水河流、冰山搬运入海并在内湾大量沉积，粗颗粒物质在冰川前缘、河口、近岸地区快速沉积，而粘土组分由于受到其中粘土矿物的晶体习性、水动力条件、絮凝作用等因素制约在入海后200-400m处开始大量沉积，湾中靠伦敦岛南侧小范围区域，高岭石、绿泥石含量的分布受到冰筏碎屑物质的影响，它们的含量变化可以揭示浮冰入海搬运的轨迹，为研究历史时期冰川入海路径提供了新的思路。

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