| WANG Shanshan,ZHANG Lei,CHI Shan,WANG Guoliang,WANG Xumin,LIU Tao,TANG Xuexi. 2018. Phylogenetic analyses of the genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in algae. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(4):89－101 |
| Phylogenetic analyses of the genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in algae |
| 藻类类胡萝卜素合成通路基因的系统发育分析 |
| Received:January 17, 2017 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-018-1178-4 |
| Key words:carotenoid biosynthesis algae phylogenetic analysis |
| 中文关键词: 类胡萝卜素 合成通路 藻类 系统发育分析 |
| 基金项目:The Leading Talents Program in Taishan Industry of Shandong Province under contract No. LJNY2015010; the China Agriculture Research System under contract No. CARS-50; the Regional Demonstration Project of Marine Economic Innovation and Development under contract No. 12PYY001SF08-ZGHYDX-2; the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG Shanshan | College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China | | | ZHANG Lei | College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China | | | CHI Shan | College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China | | | WANG Guoliang | CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information/Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | | | WANG Xumin | CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information/Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | | | LIU Tao | College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China | liutao@ouc.edu.cn | | TANG Xuexi | College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Carotenoids play a crucial role in absorbing light energy for photosynthesis, as well as in protecting chlorophyll from photodamage. In contrast to the Streptophyta, few studies have examined carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in algae, owing to a shortage of datasets. As part of the 1000 Plants Project, we sequenced and assembled the transcriptomes of 41 marine macroalgal species, including 22 rhodophytes and 19 phaeophytes, and then combined the datasets with publicly available data from GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute. As a result, we identified 68 and 79 full-length homologs in the Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae, respectively, of seven inferred carotenoid biosynthetic genes, including the genes for phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), prolycopene isomerase (crtISO), lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB), and lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE). We found that the evolutionary history of the algal carotenoid biosynthetic pathway was more complex than that of the same pathway in the Streptophyta and, more specifically, that the evolutionary history involved endosymbiotic gene transfer, gene duplication, and gene loss. Almost all of the eukaryotic algae that we examined had inherited the seven carotenoid biosynthesis genes via endosymbiotic gene transfer. Moreover, PSY, crtISO, and the ancestral lycopene cyclase gene (LCY) underwent duplication events that resulted in multiple gene copies, and the duplication and subsequent divergence of LCYB and LCYE specialized and complicated the cyclization of lycopene. Our findings also verify that the loss of LCYE in both the microphytic rhodophytes and phaeophytes explains the differences in their carotenoid patterns, when compared to the macrophytic rhodophytes. These analyses provide a molecular basis for further biochemical and physiological validation in additional algal species and should help elucidate the origin and evolution of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 类胡萝卜素在光吸收和光保护等过程中发挥着重要作用。与绿色植物相比，目前针对藻类类胡萝卜素合成通路基因的研究较少。本研究采用Illumina测序平台对22种海洋红藻和19种海洋褐藻进行了转录组测序，结合美国国立生物技术信息中心和美国能源部联合基因组研究所的公共数据，对藻类类胡萝卜素合成通路基因进行了系统发育分析。通过对41种海洋藻类转录组的挖掘，本研究获得了68条编码红藻类胡萝卜素合成通路基因的全长序列和79条编码褐藻类胡萝卜素合成通路基因的全长序列。基因水平转移、基因复制和基因丢失在藻类类胡萝卜合成通路的进化过程中起到了关键作用。通过基因水平转移的方式大部分藻类继承了其内共生体中类胡萝卜合成通路的基因。基因复制使得藻类转录组中出现了多个拷贝的八氢番茄红素合成酶、类胡萝卜素异构酶和番茄红素环化酶的编码基因。番茄红素ε-环化酶编码基因的丢失是单细胞红藻和褐藻细胞不含有α-类胡萝卜素的根本原因，该结果从基因水平解析了不同藻类中类胡萝卜素组成不同的机制。本研究为进一步探讨藻类类胡萝卜素合成的生理生化研究和藻类类胡萝卜素合成通路的进化提供了数据支持。 |
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