| KONG Yawen,ZHANG Xiuzhi,SHENG Lifang,CHEN Baozhang. 2016. Validation and application of multi-source altimeter wave data in China's offshore areas. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(11):86－96 |
| Validation and application of multi-source altimeter wave data in China's offshore areas |
| 多源卫星高度计海浪资料在中国近海的验证及应用 |
| Received:October 10, 2015 Revised:July 05, 2016 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-016-0951-5 |
| Key words:multi-altimeter wave data buoy measurements China's offshore area wave climate |
| 中文关键词: 多元卫星海浪资料 浮标观测 中国近海 波浪气候 |
| 基金项目: |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | KONG Yawen | State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | ZHANG Xiuzhi | National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China | zxz@cma.gov.cn | | SHENG Lifang | Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China | | | CHEN Baozhang | State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Studies of offshore wave climate based on satellite altimeter significant wave height (SWH) have widespread application value. This study used a calibrated multi-altimeter SWH dataset to investigate the wave climate characteristics in the offshore areas of China. First, the SWH measurements from 28 buoys located in China's coastal seas were compared with an Ifremer calibrated altimeter SWH dataset. Although the altimeter dataset tended to slightly overestimate SWH, it was in good agreement with the in situ data in general. The correlation coefficient was 0.97 and the root-mean-square (RMS) of differences was 0.30 m. The validation results showed a slight difference in different areas. The correlation coefficient was the maximum (0.97) and the RMS difference was the minimum (0.28 m) in the area from the East China Sea to the north of the South China Sea. The correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 was relatively low in the seas off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary. The RMS difference was the maximum (0.32 m) in the seas off the Changjiang Estuary and was 0.30 m in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Based on the above evidence, it is confirmed that the multialtimeter wave data are reliable in China's offshore areas. Then, the characteristics of the wave field, including the frequency of huge waves and the multi-year return SWH in China's offshore seas were analyzed using the 23-year altimeter wave dataset. The 23-year mean SWH generally ranged from 0.6-2.2 m. The greatest SWH appeared in the southeast of the China East Sea, the Taiwan Strait and the northeast of the South China Sea. Obvious seasonal variation of SWH was found in most areas; SWH was greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. Extreme waves greater than 4 m in height mainly occurred in the following areas:the southeast of the East China Sea, the south of the Ryukyu Islands, the east of Taiwan-Luzon Island, and the Dongsha Islands extending to the Zhongsha Islands, and the frequency of extreme waves was 3%-6%. Extreme waves occurred most frequently in autumn and rarely in spring. The 100-year return wave height was greatest from the northwest Pacific seas extending to southeast of the Ryukyu Islands (9-12 m), and the northeast of the South China Sea and the East China Sea had the second largest wave heights (7-11 m). For inshore areas, the 100-year return wave height was the greatest in the waters off the east coast of Guangdong Province and the south coast of Zhejiang Province (7-8 m), whereas it was at a minimum in the area from the Changjiang Estuary to the Bohai Sea (4-6 m). An investigation of sampling effects indicates that when using the 1°×1°grid dataset, although the combination of nine altimeters obviously enhanced the time and space coverage of sampling, the accuracy of statistical results, particularly extreme values obtained from the dataset, still suffered from undersampling problems because the time sampling percent in each 1°×1°grid cell was always less than 33%. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 利用卫星资料研究近海的海浪状况具有广泛的应用价值。本文使用中国近海28个可靠的浮标观测数据对1991~2014年多源卫星高度计校准的波高数据集进行了验证，并用于中国近海海浪气候研究。结果表明：卫星波高整体上略大于浮标观测值；浮标波高与卫星波高的相关系数为0.91~0.99，均方根误差绝大部分为0.09 m~0.34 m，浮标减卫星的波高差平均值绝大多数为-0.06 m~-0.29 m；各海区验证结果略有差异，其中相关系数在东海至南海北部最大达0.97，黄渤海和长江口外海区略小，分别为0.947和0.948；均方根误差在东海至南海北部最小为0.281 m，长江口外最大为0.325 m，黄渤海居中为0.286 m。表明校准的多源高度计波高数据集与中国近海浮标观测有较高的一致性。利用该多源波高数据集进行了中国近海多年平均有效波高、大浪和多年一遇波高极值分析。结果表明，中国近海多年平均有效波高为0.6~2.2 m，东海东南部、台湾海峡以及南海东北部平均波高较大。大部分海域的有效波高都具有明显的季节变化特征：冬季和秋季的波高明显高于春季和夏季。4 m以上大浪主要发生在东海东南部、琉球群岛以南和台湾岛、吕宋岛以东，台湾海峡和南海的东沙群岛至中沙群岛以及越南东南海域，大浪频率3~6%。秋季大浪高发区范围最大，春季大浪频率最少。100年一遇大浪最大的区域位于琉球群岛东南的西北太平洋海域，约9~12 m；其次是南海东北部海域和东海海域，约7~11 m；中国近岸最大的海域为广东东部和浙江南部，约7~8 m；长江口至渤海最小4~6 m。 |
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