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LIU Ming,FAN Dejiang,LIAO Yongjie,CHEN Bin,YANG Zuosheng. 2016. Heavy metals in surficial sediments of the central Bohai Sea: their distribution, speciation and sources. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(9):98－110

Heavy metals in surficial sediments of the central Bohai Sea: their distribution, speciation and sources

渤海中部表层沉积物中重金属赋存相态及来源

Received:April 28, 2015 Revised:January 13, 2016

DOI：10.1007/s13131-016-0926-6

Key words:heavy metal central Bohai Sea speciation environment quality source

中文关键词: 重金属渤海中部赋存相态环境质量来源

基金项目:

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
LIU Ming	Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
FAN Dejiang	Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China	djfan@ouc.edu.cn
LIAO Yongjie	Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
CHEN Bin	Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao 266071, China
YANG Zuosheng	Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

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Abstract:

The semi-enclosed Bohai Sea has received large amount of pollutants from surrounding rivers and sewage channels along the densely populated and industrializing Bohai coasts, as well as the offshore oil exploration in the sea. The concentrations of heavy metals copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, chromium and cadmium in 25 surface sediment samples from the central Bohai Sea are obtained by ICP-MS analysis. The speciation of these heavy metals is extracted and their distribution, fractionation, pollution status and sources are presented. High concentrations of copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc and chromium are found in the sediments off the coastal area of the Bohai Bay and the central Bohai Sea mud, while high concentrations of cadmium and lead are found in the sediments in the whole study area. The residual fraction is the dominant form of copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc and chromium in the surface sediments, while cadmium and lead have large proportions in the nonresidual fractions. The ecological risk assessment shows that the sediments in the study area are unpolluted with respect to the heavy metals of cobalt, nickel and chromium and unpolluted to moderately polluted with respect to copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Cobalt, nickel and chromium mainly have natural origin and their concentrations significantly vary with the composition of the sediments. The contents of copper, zinc, lead and especially cadmium in sediments are suggested to be influenced by pollutants of human activities. The heavy metals in the surface sediments at most sampling stations are mainly come from the Huanghe River; the heavy metals in the sediments in the northernmost part of the study area are significantly affected by the sediment from the Luanhe River; while in the Bohai Bay and the central region they were affected by the sediment from the Haihe River and aerosol deposition.

中文摘要:

近年来由于环渤海经济圈的快速发展，渤海接受了来自周边河流、沿岸排污及海上油气开采所产生的大量的重金属等污染物质，使得渤海的生态环境系统面临前所未有的压力。本文采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）对采自渤海中部的25个表层沉积物样品中的Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd等重金属元素的含量和赋存相态进行了分析，探讨了重金属分布规律、污染状况及来源。研究结果表明，Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr在渤海湾的近岸区域和渤海中部泥质区有较高的含量，而Pb和Cd则在整个研究区的含量都较高；表层沉积物中Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr主要以残渣态形式存在，而Pb和Cd则具有较高的非残渣态含量；生态风险评价结果表明该区表层沉积物未受到Co、Ni、Cr的污染，Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd则为未污染-中等程度污染。重金属元素Co、Ni、Cr以自然来源为主，在沉积物中的分布主要受沉积物物质组成的影响，而Cu、Zn、Pb，尤其是Cd，则受到了人类活动的显著影响。黄河沉积物是研究区表层沉积物中重金属的主要来源，影响范围涵盖了本区大部分区域，但在研究区的北端受到滦河来源物质的影响，渤海湾和研究区中部则受到海河物质和大气沉降来源重金属的一定影响。

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