| LI Xuegang,SONG Jinming,MA Qingxia,LI Ning,YUAN Huamao,DUAN Liqin,QU Baoxiao. 2015. Experiments and evidences: jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) decomposing and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) released. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(8):1－12 |
| Experiments and evidences: jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) decomposing and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) released |
| 水母(沙海蜇)降解与营养盐(氮、磷)释放的模拟与实证 |
| Received:March 10, 2014 Revised:April 11, 2014 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-015-0703-y |
| Key words:Nemopilema nomurai decomposition nitrogen phosphorus experiments evidences |
| 中文关键词: 沙海蜇 降解 氮 磷 模拟实验、证实 |
| 基金项目:The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41376092; the National Key Project for Basic Research of China under contract No. 2011CB403602; the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. XDA11030202. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Xuegang | Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China | | | SONG Jinming | Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China | jmsong@qdio.ac.cn | | MA Qingxia | Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | LI Ning | Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China | | | YUAN Huamao | Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China | | | DUAN Liqin | Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China | | | QU Baoxiao | Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| The aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus released in the process of the decomposition of giant jellyfish in the laboratory and found the evidence to verify the influence of nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish on the ecosystem in the field. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai was examined in a series of experiments under different incubation conditions such as different pH values, salinity values, temperatures and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The results showed that the complete decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai generally took about 4-8 d. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai could be divided into two stages: the early stage and the later stage, although the efflux rate of nitrogen was one order more than phosphorus. In the early stage of the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in seawater increased rapidly, and the concentration of nitrogen could reach the highest level in the whole degradation process. In the later stage of the decomposition, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and total nitrogen declined slowly, while the concentration of phosphorus in water could reach a maximum in the degradation process. High pH, low salinity, high temperature and N/P will promote the release of nitrogen; low pH is unfavorable to the release of nitrogen but favorable to the release of phosphorus. In addition, we found the concentrations of ammonium and phosphate in the bottom water were higher than those in the surface water during the period of jellyfish bloom in the Jiaozhou Bay, proving that nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish have significant influence on nitrogen and phosphorus in the field. For the whole Yellow Sea, nutrients released by jellyfish carcasses may reach up to (2.63±2.98)×107 mol/d of dissolved nitrogen (DN) and (0.74±0.84)×106 mol/d of dissolved phosphorus (DP) during the period of jellyfish bloom. The values are comparable to riverine inputs in a day, but much higher than sediment-water exchange flux in the Yellow Sea. The great amounts of nutrients must have significant influence on the nutrients balance of the Yellow Sea during the period of jellyfish dead and decomposition. Both the experimental data and field observations proved that the decomposition of jellyfish may release a great amount of nutrient to the surrounding environment during the period of jellyfish decomposition. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 水母爆发后的死亡与降解将会在短时间内释放大量的营养盐,并可能会改变局部海域的营养盐结构.为了证实这一设想,我们在实验室内模拟研究了水母在降解过程中氮、磷的释放特征,并从历史数据中寻找到水母所释放的营养盐对生态系统的影响的观测证据.模拟结果表明:沙海蜇消亡过程中向水体释放氮、磷可分为两个阶段,而且氮和磷的释放过程有明显不同,氮的释放速率比磷高一个数量级.在沙海蜇消亡的初期阶段,水体中溶解态氮、磷和总氮、总磷的浓度迅速增高,氮可以达到其消亡过程中的最高浓度;在沙海蜇消亡的后期阶段,水体中溶解态氮和总氮的浓度不断下降,但水体中的磷在这一阶段达到消亡过程中的最高浓度.高pH、低盐度、高温和高的N/P比会促进氮的释放,低pH不利于氮的释放但有利于磷的释放.另外,我们发现胶州湾水母爆发期间底层水中的氨和磷的浓度明显高于表层水,证明水母降解所释放的的营养盐显著影响了胶州湾营养盐的分布.就整个黄海来说,在水母爆发期间水母降解所释放的营养盐可以达到(2.63±2.98)×107 mol/d 的溶解氮和(0.74±0.84)×106 mol/d的溶解磷,这一数值与每天河流的输入量相当,但远高于黄海沉积物-海水界面间的交换通量.因此,黄海水母爆发后的死亡与降解期间所释放的巨量营养盐将显著影响这一时期的黄海营养盐平衡.无论实验室模拟还是野外调查都证明在水母降解期间可以向周围水体释放出巨量的营养盐,并改变局部海域的营养盐结构. |
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