| ZHAO Jun,ZHANG Haisheng,WU Guanghai,LU Bing,PULYAEVA Irina A,ZHANG Haifeng,PANG Xuehui. 2014. Biomineralization of organic matter in cobalt-rich crusts from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(12):67－74 |
| Biomineralization of organic matter in cobalt-rich crusts from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean |
| 西太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区富钴结壳中有机物质的生物矿化 |
| Received:February 24, 2014 Revised:July 08, 2014 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-014-0552-0 |
| Key words:biomineralization cobalt-rich crust biomarker Marcus-Wake Seamounts |
| 中文关键词: 生物矿化作用 富钴结壳 生物标志物 马尔库斯-威克海山区 |
| 基金项目:The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under contract Nos 41076072 and 40676025; the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract No. ZR2011EMQ010. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHAO Jun | Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | ZHANG Haisheng | Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | zhangsoa@163.com | | WU Guanghai | Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | LU Bing | Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | PULYAEVA Irina A | State Scientific Centre Yuzhmorgeologia, Gelendzhik 353461, Russia | | | ZHANG Haifeng | Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | PANG Xuehui | School of Chemistry and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Organic matter in cobalt-rich crust (CRC) from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean, Sample CM1D03, has been analyzed to understand the source, geochemistry and mineralization of organic matter, and the mineralization environment. Biomarkers, including n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and sterols, have been detected in various layers of the CRC sample, using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The content of organic carbon (OC) and its stable isotope (δ13C), and the combined features of the biomarkers show that the mineralized organic matter in CM1D03 CRC was mainly derived from microorganisms and lower plankton (e.g., bacteria and algae, respectively) from marine surface water, with some terrestrial higher plant components. The ratio of chloroform bitumen “A”: OC was high in the CRC, between 10.51 and 20.66, showing significant migration characteristics of n-alkanes. Four mineralization categories of organic matter were recognized based on GC chromatograms of n-alkane molecules: (1) primitive type (bacteria and algae), which is characterized by moderately mature of n-alkanes preserving the original characteristics of the organic matter from microorganisms and lower plankton; (2) microbial degradation type, which is characterized by low contents of n-alkanes and rising baseline in the chromatogram, with the “bulge” being the products of organic matter by biodegradation; (3) organic matter migration type, which is characterized by low carbon number of n-alkanes with nC18 as the main peak carbon, without odd even predominance, and low concentrations of isoprenoids and hydrocarbons with high carbon number; and (4) organic matter hydrothermal type, which is characterized by relatively low concentration of small molecular weight n-alkanes, pristane, and phytane, accompanied by higher concentration of n-alkanes with carbon number greater than nC18. This study shows that biomarkers can record controlling factors of mineralization and their variation. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究分析了西太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区CM1D03富钴结壳中的有机物质,以了解其来源、地球化学性质、矿化作用及成矿环境.利用气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法测定了富钴结壳样品中的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯、萜烷和甾醇等生物标志物.有机碳及其稳定同位素、生物标志物组合特征表明,CM1D03结壳中成矿有机质主要来源于海洋表层水体中的低等菌藻浮游生物,伴有一定量的陆源高等植物组分.氯仿沥青“A”/有机碳比值较高(10.51-20.66),具有明显的运移烃类特征.根据正构烷烃气相色谱图划分出4种有机质成矿类型:原生型有机质(菌藻类生物)、微生物降解型、有机质迁移型、有机质-热水成矿型.本研究表明生物标志化合物能记录不同成矿的控制因素及其变化过程. |
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