| SUN Minghua,DUAN Yihong,ZHU Jianrong,WU Hui,ZHANG Jin,HUANG Wei. 2014. Simulation of Typhoon Muifa using a mesoscale coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(11):123－133 |
| Simulation of Typhoon Muifa using a mesoscale coupled atmosphere-ocean model |
| 中尺度海气耦合模式对台风“梅花”的预报试验 |
| Received:March 25, 2013 Revised:October 23, 2013 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-014-0561-z |
| Key words:coupled atmosphere-ocean model GRAPES ECOM-si TC intensity SST |
| 中文关键词: 海气耦合模式 GRAPES ECOM-si 台风强度 海表面温度 |
| 基金项目: |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SUN Minghua | Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China | | | DUAN Yihong | Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | duanyh@cma.gov.cn | | ZHU Jianrong | State Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coastal, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China | | | WU Hui | State Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coastal, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China | | | ZHANG Jin | National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China | | | HUANG Wei | Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| A mesoscale coupled atmosphere-ocean model has been developed based on the GRAPES (Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System) regional typhoon model (GRAPES_TYM) and ECOM-si (estuary, coast and ocean model (semi-implicit)). Coupling between the typhoon and ocean models was conducted by exchanging wind stress, heat, moisture fluxes, and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) using the coupler OASIS3.0. Numerical prediction experiments were run with and without coupling for the case of Typhoon Muifa in the western North Pacific. To investigate the impact of using more accurate SST information on the simulation of the track and the intensity of Typhoon Muifa, experiments were also conducted using increased SST resolution in the initial condition field of the control test. The results indicate that increasing SST resolution in the initial condition field somewhat improved the intensity forecast, and use of the coupled model improved the intensity forecast significantly, with mean absolute errors in maximum wind speed within 48 and 72 h reduced by 32% and 20%, respectively. Use of the coupled model also resulted in less pronounced over-prediction of the intensity of Typhoon Muifa by the GRAPES_TYM. Moreover, the effects of using the coupled model on the intensity varied throughout the different stages of the development of Muifa owing to changes in the oceanic mixed layer depth. The coupled model had pronounced effects during the later stage of Muifa but had no obvious effects during the earlier stage. The SSTs predicted by the coupled model decreased by about 5-6℃ at most after the typhoon passed, in agreement with satellite data. Furthermore, based on analysis on the sea surface heat flux, wet static energy of the boundary layer, atmospheric temperature, and precipitation forecasted by the coupled model and the control test, the simulation results of this coupled atmosphere-ocean model can be considered to reasonably reflect the primary mechanisms underlying the interactions between tropical cyclones and oceans. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 本文基于GRAPES区域台风模式和ECOM_si河口海洋模式, 在耦合器OASIS3的框架下构建了一个西北太平洋区域海气耦合模式。海洋模式和大气模式交换海表面温度、海面风应力、热通量以及水汽通量。使用海气耦合模式和台风模式分别对1109号台风“梅花”的全过程进行了数值预报试验。为了考察使用更准确的SST信息对于台风梅花的路径和强度模拟的影响, 还开展了在控制试验初始场中提升SST分辨率的试验。结果表明, 在控制试验初始场中提升SST分辨率总体上对“梅花”台风强度预报略有改善, 而海气耦合模式对“梅花”台风的强度预报有明显改善, 48小时最大风速平均绝对误差减少了约32%, 72小时最大风速平均绝对误差减少了约20%。使用海气耦合模式改善了GRAPES区域台风模式在“梅花”强度预报上整体偏强的趋势。此外, 在“梅花”发展的不同阶段, 由于经过海洋的混合层深度不同, 海气耦合模式对其强度的影响程度不同, 相比于生成前期, 后期影响更为显著。耦合模式预报出台风经过洋面海表面温度最大降温约5－6℃, 其位置和幅度与卫星资料分析比较接近。对耦合模式和控制模式预报的海表面热通量、热带气旋潜热以及边界层湿静力能、大气中温度和降水等要素进行分析, 显示出该海气耦合模式的计算结果能够合理地反映出台风与海洋相互作用的主要机制。 |
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