| LIU Xiying. 2014. Biases of the Arctic climate in a regional ocean-sea ice-atmosphere coupled model: an annual validation. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(9):56－67 |
| Biases of the Arctic climate in a regional ocean-sea ice-atmosphere coupled model: an annual validation |
| 一个区域海洋——海冰——大气耦合模式中的北极气候偏差：年结果检验 |
| Received:January 05, 2013 Revised:May 20, 2014 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-014-0518-2 |
| Key words:Arctic climate coupled model numerical simulation |
| 中文关键词: 北极气候 耦合模式 数值模拟 |
| 基金项目:The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41276190. |
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| Abstract: |
| The Coupling of three model components, WRF/PCE (polar climate extension version of weather research and forecasting model (WRF)), ROMS (regional ocean modeling system), and CICE (community ice code), has been implemented, and the regional atmosphere-ocean-sea ice coupled model named WRF/PCEROMS-CICE has been validated against ERA-interim reanalysis data sets for 1989. To better understand the reasons that generate model biases, the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE results were compared with those of its components, the WRF/PCE and the ROMS-CICE. There are cold biases in surface air temperature (SAT) over the Arctic Ocean, which contribute to the sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the results of the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE. The cold SAT biases also appear in results of the atmospheric component with a mild temperature in winter and similar temperature in summer. Compared to results from the WRF/PCE, due to influences of different distributions of the SIC and the SST and inclusion of interactions of air-sea-sea ice in the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE, the simulated SAT has new features. These influences also lead to apparent differences at higher levels of the atmosphere, which can be thought as responses to biases in the SST and sea ice extent. There are similar atmospheric responses in feature of distribution to sea ice biases at 700 and 500 hPa, and the strength of responses weakens when the pressure decreases in January. The atmospheric responses in July reach up to 200 hPa. There are surplus sea ice extents in the Greenland Sea, the Barents Sea, the Davis Strait and the Chukchi Sea in winter and in the Beaufort Sea, the Chukchi Sea, the East Siberian Sea and the Laptev Sea in summer in the ROMS-CICE. These differences in the SIC distribution can all be explained by those in the SST distributions. These features in the simulated SST and SIC from ROMS-CICE also appear in the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE. It is shown that the performance of the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE is determined to a large extent by its components, the WRF/PCE and the ROMS-CICE. |
| 中文摘要: |
| 本文将区域气候模式WRF/PCE （polar climate extension version of weather research and forecasting model （WRF））、区域海洋 ROMS （regional ocean modeling system）及海冰模式CICE （community ice code）耦合起来，发展出区域海洋—海冰—大气耦合模式WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE，并利用ERA-interim 再分析数据集1989年资料对耦合模式模拟结果进行了检验。为更好地理解耦合模式误差产生原因，对WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE、WRF/PCE及 ROMS-CICE模拟结果进行了对比分析。WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE 模拟结果中北冰洋表面气温（SAT）偏低，导致海冰密集度 （SIC） 及海表面温度（SST） 出现偏差。 SAT冷偏差也出现在WRF/PCE模拟结果中，但冬季误差减小。与WRF/PCE结果相比，由于受SIC 、 SST分布差异及海—冰—气相互作用机制影响，WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE 模拟的SAT具有新特征。这些影响也导致更高层次大气特征出现明显差异，这些不同可视为对SST及SIC 差异的响应。1月，700和500 hPa 等压面上大气响应分布特征相近，但显示出响应强度随高度增加而减小特征。7月，大气响应可伸展至 200 hPa。ROMS-CICE模拟结果中，冬季格陵兰海、巴伦支海、戴维斯海峡及楚科奇海海冰偏多，夏季波弗特海、楚科奇海、东西伯利压海及拉普捷夫海海冰偏多。这些误差与SST 误差相联系。ROMS-CICE模拟结果中的SST及SIC误差特征也出现在WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE结果中。这表明，耦合模式WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE的性能在很大程度上由其模式分量WRF/PCE及ROMS-CICE的性能决定。 |
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