| KANG Yan,PAN Delu,BAI Yan,HE Xianqiang,CHEN Xiaoyan,CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur,WANG Difeng. 2013. Areas of the global major river plumes. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(1):79－88 |
| Areas of the global major river plumes |
| Areas of the global major river plumes |
| Received:April 01, 2012 Revised:September 18, 2012 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-013-0269-5 |
| Key words:river plume World Ocean Atlas geography information system Changjiang River marginal sea |
| 中文关键词: river plume World Ocean Atlas geography information system Changjiang River marginal sea |
| 基金项目:The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under contract No. 2009CB421202; the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract No. 200905012; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41271378, 40976110 and 40706061; the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) under contract No. 2007AA092201. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | KANG Yan | Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | PAN Delu | Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | pandelu@sio.org.cn | | BAI Yan | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | HE Xianqiang | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | CHEN Xiaoyan | Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur | Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 804, China | | | WANG Difeng | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| River plumes are the regions where the most intense river-sea-land interaction occurs, and they are characterized by complex material transport and biogeochemical processes. However, due to their highly dynamic nature, global river plume areas have not yet been determined for use in synthetic studies of global oceanography. Based on global climatological monthly averaged salinity data from the NOAA World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), and monthly averaged salinity contour maps of the East and South China Seas from the Chinese Marine Atlas, we extract the monthly plume areas of major global rivers using a geographic information system (GIS) technique. Only areas with salinities that are three salinity units lower than the average salinity in each ocean are counted. This conservative estimate shows that the minimum and maximum monthly values of the total plume area of the world's 19 largest rivers are 1.72×106 km2 in May and 5.38×106 km2 in August. The annual mean area of these river plumes (3.72×106 km2) takes up approximately 14.2% of the total continental shelves area worldwide (26.15×106 km2). This paper also presents river plume areas for different oceans and latitude zones, and analyzes seasonal variations of the plume areas and their relationships with river discharge. These statistics describing the major global river plume areas can now provide the basic data for the various flux calculations in the marginal seas, and therefore will be of useful for many oceanographic studies. |
| 中文摘要: |
| River plumes are the regions where the most intense river-sea-land interaction occurs, and they are characterized by complex material transport and biogeochemical processes. However, due to their highly dynamic nature, global river plume areas have not yet been determined for use in synthetic studies of global oceanography. Based on global climatological monthly averaged salinity data from the NOAA World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), and monthly averaged salinity contour maps of the East and South China Seas from the Chinese Marine Atlas, we extract the monthly plume areas of major global rivers using a geographic information system (GIS) technique. Only areas with salinities that are three salinity units lower than the average salinity in each ocean are counted. This conservative estimate shows that the minimum and maximum monthly values of the total plume area of the world's 19 largest rivers are 1.72×106 km2 in May and 5.38×106 km2 in August. The annual mean area of these river plumes (3.72×106 km2) takes up approximately 14.2% of the total continental shelves area worldwide (26.15×106 km2). This paper also presents river plume areas for different oceans and latitude zones, and analyzes seasonal variations of the plume areas and their relationships with river discharge. These statistics describing the major global river plume areas can now provide the basic data for the various flux calculations in the marginal seas, and therefore will be of useful for many oceanographic studies. |
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