| WANG Hongxia,LU Douding,HUANG Haiyan,GÖBEL Jeanette,DAI Xinfeng,XIA Ping. 2011. First observation of Karlodinium veneficum from the East China Sea and the coastal waters of Germany. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, (6):112－121 |
| First observation of Karlodinium veneficum from the East China Sea and the coastal waters of Germany |
| First observation of Karlodinium veneficum from the East China Sea and the coastal waters of Germany |
| Received:December 30, 2010 Revised:March 25, 2011 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-011-0168-6 |
| Key words:Karlodinium veneficum East China Sea morphological characteristic scanning electron microscope internal transcribed spacer phylogeny |
| 中文关键词: Karlodinium veneficum East China Sea morphological characteristic scanning electron microscope internal transcribed spacer phylogeny |
| 基金项目:The National High-Tech Project of China under contract No. 2007AA09Z110; Chinese Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Project II under contract No. 2010CB428702; the National Science Foundation Project under contract No. 41176141. Foundation of State Oceanic Administration of China under contract Nos 2009123 and 20100310; the Basic Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, the State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No. SZ0824; Joint Project between Germany and China supported by International Bureau of Federal Ministry for Education and Research under contract No. CHN 06/009. |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG Hongxia | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | LU Douding | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | doudinglu@163.com | | HUANG Haiyan | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | GÖBEL Jeanette | Landesamt fü
r Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und lä
ndliche Rä
ume, Flintbek 24220, Germany | | | DAI Xinfeng | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | | | XIA Ping | State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Harmful algal blooms often occurred in the East China Sea (ECS) and the German coastal waters of the North Sea but Karlodinium veneficum had not been taxonomically reported. Two strains of Karlodinium (LAMB090611 and LAMB010601) were isolated from the two areas in 2009. The morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of two strains are compared on the basis of observation of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a laser scanning microscope (LSM) and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. The mean cell length of strain LAMB090611 is (14.2±1.8) μm (range 11.1-18.7 μm) and mean width is (10.8±1.5) μm (range 8.2-14.7 μm). The mean cell length of strain LAMB010601 is (15.1±1.2) μm (range 12.7-17.9 μm) and the mean width is (11.4±1.1) μm (range 9.1-14.7 μm), respectively. The two strains are similar in morphological characteristics, including a straight apical groove, distinct ventral pore, sulcal extension, cingulum displacement, two or four irregular shaped chloroplasts within the cell and almost equal sized epicone and hypocone. The large and round nucleus is located at the center or at the hypocone of the cell. The sequence length of the ECS strain LAMB090611 and the German strain LAMB010601 is 640 and 646 bp, respectively. The GC content is 49%. The nucleotide similarity of the two strains is 98.1%. The sequence divergence is 0.003. Both strains are confirmed as Karlodinium veneficum (D. Ballantine) J. Larsen and this is the first taxonomic report from China and Germany coastal waters. The population dynamics of this toxic species in the ECS and German coastal waters needs to be investigated in the near future. |
| 中文摘要: |
| Harmful algal blooms often occurred in the East China Sea (ECS) and the German coastal waters of the North Sea but Karlodinium veneficum had not been taxonomically reported. Two strains of Karlodinium (LAMB090611 and LAMB010601) were isolated from the two areas in 2009. The morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of two strains are compared on the basis of observation of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a laser scanning microscope (LSM) and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. The mean cell length of strain LAMB090611 is (14.2±1.8) μm (range 11.1-18.7 μm) and mean width is (10.8±1.5) μm (range 8.2-14.7 μm). The mean cell length of strain LAMB010601 is (15.1±1.2) μm (range 12.7-17.9 μm) and the mean width is (11.4±1.1) μm (range 9.1-14.7 μm), respectively. The two strains are similar in morphological characteristics, including a straight apical groove, distinct ventral pore, sulcal extension, cingulum displacement, two or four irregular shaped chloroplasts within the cell and almost equal sized epicone and hypocone. The large and round nucleus is located at the center or at the hypocone of the cell. The sequence length of the ECS strain LAMB090611 and the German strain LAMB010601 is 640 and 646 bp, respectively. The GC content is 49%. The nucleotide similarity of the two strains is 98.1%. The sequence divergence is 0.003. Both strains are confirmed as Karlodinium veneficum (D. Ballantine) J. Larsen and this is the first taxonomic report from China and Germany coastal waters. The population dynamics of this toxic species in the ECS and German coastal waters needs to be investigated in the near future. |
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