| Xing Lei,Chen Yong,Zhang Chongliang,Li Bai,Shin Yunne-Jai,Ren Yiping.Evaluating impacts of pulse fishing on the effectiveness of seasonal closure[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2020,39(4):89-99 |
| 脉冲式捕捞对休渔期保护效果的影响 |
| Evaluating impacts of pulse fishing on the effectiveness of seasonal closure |
| 投稿时间：2019-03-25 |
| DOI：10.1007/s13131-020-1536-x |
| 中文关键词: OSMOSE 脉冲式捕捞 休渔期 胶州湾 |
| 英文关键词:OSMOSE pulse fishing seasonal closure Jiaozhou Bay |
| 基金项目:The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract Nos 201512002 and 201612002. |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 休渔期在渔业管理中常用于保护捕捞过度的资源。渔民通常会在开捕初期竞相最大化捕捞量。短时间内的高捕捞强度（脉冲式捕捞，pulse fishing）可能会降低休渔期的保护效果。基于End-to-end模型OSMOSE-JZB（Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ecOSystem Exploitation OSMOSE），本研究从群落、种群以及个体水平评估脉冲式捕捞对胶州湾休渔期保护效果的影响。研究表明胶州湾休渔期可以使渔业资源得到有效地恢复。当脉冲式捕捞发生后，生态指标（群落总生物量、群落平均营养级、渔获物平均营养级和香农-维纳指数）的变化较小，说明脉冲式捕捞没有导致群落结构发生大的变化。相较于其它种类，胶州湾内的两种较大体型的鱼类更容易受到脉冲式捕捞的影响。脉冲式捕捞可以通过食物网改变捕食者对鱼类种群的影响，尤其是对幼鱼的影响较大。模拟结果表明可以通过管理脉冲式捕捞提升休渔期对于渔业资源的恢复作用。尽管本研究结果基于特定的生态系统，但所采用的研究方法适用于其它生态系统的对脉冲式捕捞影响的研究。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Seasonal fishing closures are often used in fisheries management to conserve overfished stocks. As one of the unintended consequences, fishermen often contend for maximizing catches immediately after reopening fisheries. The resultant large catch landings in a short time period (i.e., pulse fishing) may undermine the benefit of closure. We implemented an end-to-end model OSMOSE-JZB (Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ecOSystem Exploitation OSMOSE) modelling ecosystem in the Jiaozhou Bay located in China to evaluate the impact of pulse fishing on the effectiveness of seasonal closure at levels of fish community, population, and individual. Our study demonstrated that the three-month closure was successful in conserving fish stocks. There were small variations on ecological indicators (i.e., total biomass of the community, mean trophic level of the community, mean trophic level of the catch, and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index) when pulse fishing occurred. Pulse fishing seemed not to result in a great shift in community structure. Compared to other species, the biomass of two large predatory fishes were more susceptible to pulse fishing. Pulse fishing could change the pressure of predators to fish stocks via food webs, especially for young individuals. Our simulations indicate that we can improve the effectiveness of seasonal closure by managing pulse fishing. Although the results derived in this study may be specific to the target ecosystem, the general approach is applicable to other ecosystems when evaluating fishing impacts. |
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