东中国海碳循环时空变化特征:三维物理-生物地球化学数值模型研究

季轩梁; 刘桂梅; 高姗; 王辉; 张苗茵

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JI Xuanliang,LIU Guimei,GAO Shan,WANG Hui,ZHANG Miaoyin.Temporal and spatial variability of the carbon cycle in the east of China's seas: a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(3):60-71

东中国海碳循环时空变化特征:三维物理-生物地球化学数值模型研究

Temporal and spatial variability of the carbon cycle in the east of China's seas: a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study

投稿时间：2015-12-07 修订日期：2016-05-31

DOI：10.1007/s13131-017-0977-3

中文关键词: 东中国海物理-生物地球化学模型海表面CO₂分压海气CO₂通量

英文关键词:the east of China's seas physical-biogeochemical model partial pressure of carbon dioxide in sea water air-sea CO₂ flux

基金项目:The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2016YFC1401605; the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. XDA 1102010403; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41222038, 41206023 and 41076011; the Public Science and Technology Research Funds projects of Ocean of China under contract No. 201205018; the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2016YFC1401605; the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment under contract No. LFE-2015-3.

作者	单位	E-mail
季轩梁	国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京, 100081, 中国国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京, 100081, 中国
刘桂梅	国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京, 100081, 中国国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京, 100081, 中国	liugm@nmefc.gov.cn
高姗	国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京, 100081, 中国国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京, 100081, 中国
王辉	国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京, 100081, 中国国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京, 100081, 中国
张苗茵	国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京, 100081, 中国国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京, 100081, 中国

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中文摘要:

东中国海拥有广泛的大陆架，该海域营养盐循环和碳循环存在显著的季节和年际变化特征。本文基于区域海洋模型系统（ROMS），利用NCEP2从1982到2005年再分析场风场数据，建立了一个分辨率为1/12°×1/12°，包含碳循环过程的三维物理-生物地球化学模型，对东中国海海域物理变化、生态反响和碳循环影响三者之间互相影响机制进行了数值模拟分析。通过与历史观测数据对比发现建立的耦合模型较好地再现了东中国海物理、生物、化学过程。数值模拟结果显示研究海域海气CO₂通量存在显著的季节变化特征，6月到10月表现为大气CO₂的源，其他月份为大气CO₂的汇。海气CO₂通量多年平均值为1.06 mol m^-2 yr^-1，相当于每年吸收大气CO₂的量约为3.22Tg-C。海气CO₂通量与NINO3 SST指数呈负相关关系。海表面CO₂分压呈现一个增长变化特征，增长速率约为1.15μatm yr^-1，而海水pH呈现相反趋势，减小速率约为0.0013yr^-1。基于敏感性试验分析发现生物活动是控制东中国海海表面CO₂分压的主要因素，而温度是次要因素。

英文摘要:

In the east of China's seas, there is a wide range of the continental shelf. The nutrient cycle and the carbon cycle in the east of China's seas exhibit a strong variability on seasonal to decadal time scales. On the basis of a regional ocean modeling system (ROMS), a three dimensional physical-biogeochemical model including the carbon cycle with the resolution (1/12)°×(1/12)° is established to investigate the physical variations, ecosystem responses and carbon cycle consequences in the east of China's seas. The ROMS-Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton Detritus (NPZD) model is driven by daily air-sea fluxes (wind stress, long wave radiation, short wave radiation, sensible heat and latent heat, freshwater fluxes) that derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis2 from 1982 to 2005. The coupled model is capable of reproducing the observed seasonal variation characteristics over the same period in the East China Sea. The integrated air-sea CO₂ flux over the entire east of China's seas reveals a strong seasonal cycle, functioning as a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere from June to October, while serving as a sink of CO₂ to the atmosphere in the other months. The 24 a mean value of air-sea CO₂ flux over the entire east of China's seas is about 1.06 mol/(m²·a), which is equivalent to a regional total of 3.22 Mt/a, indicating that in the east of China's seas there is a sink of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in sea water in the east of China's seas has an increasing rate of 1.15 μatm/a (1μtm/a=0.101 325 Pa), but pH in sea water has an opposite tendency, which decreases with a rate of 0.001 3 a^-1 from 1982 to 2005. Biological activity is a dominant factor that controls the p_CO₂air in the east of China's seas, and followed by a temperature. The inverse relationship between the interannual variability of air-sea CO₂ flux averaged from the domain area and Niño3 SST Index indicates that the carbon cycle in the east of China's seas has a high correlation with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

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