荣成月湖潮间带单细胞趋磁细菌的多样性研究

杜海舰; 张蕊; 张文燕; 徐丛; 陈一然; 潘红苗; 周克; 吴龙飞; 肖天

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DU Haijian,ZHANG Rui,ZHANG Wenyan,XU Cong,CHEN Yiran,PAN Hongmiao,ZHOU Ke,WU Long-fei,XIAO Tian.Characterization of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria from the sediments of Yuehu Lake, China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(2):94-104

荣成月湖潮间带单细胞趋磁细菌的多样性研究

Characterization of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria from the sediments of Yuehu Lake, China

投稿时间：2015-11-04 修订日期：2016-08-23

DOI：10.1007/s13131-017-0980-8

中文关键词: 趋磁细菌磁小体生物多样性月湖潮间带沉积物

英文关键词:magnetotactic bacteria magnetosome biodiversity Yuehu Lake intertidal sediments

基金项目:The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41606187 and 41276170; the National Natural Science Foundation of China—Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No. U1406403; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41330962.

作者	单位	E-mail
杜海舰	中国科学院海洋研究所, 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室海洋国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室
张蕊	中国科学院海洋研究所, 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室海洋国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室
张文燕	中国科学院海洋研究所, 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室海洋国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室
徐丛	中国科学院海洋研究所, 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室海洋国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室中国科学院大学
陈一然	中国科学院海洋研究所, 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室海洋国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室
潘红苗	中国科学院海洋研究所, 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室海洋国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室
周克	青岛农业大学资源与环境学院
吴龙飞	法国科研中心, 地中海结构生物学微生物学研究所, 细菌化学实验室
肖天	中国科学院海洋研究所, 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室海洋国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室	txiao@qdio.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

荣成月湖北部的潮间带沉积物中发现了大量的单细胞趋磁细菌，丰度可达10³-10⁴个/cm³。菌体形态多样，有球形和卵球形、弧形、螺旋形、杆状、椭圆形、柄形和棒形，其中球形和卵球形趋磁细菌占绝对优势。球形和卵球形趋磁细菌菌体带有鞭毛束，多平行排列。磁小体多数呈链状排列，包括单链、双链和多链；还有的呈不规则状排列。磁小体的形态与菌体形态存在特异性，成分都是Fe₃O₄。经16S rRNA序列分析，得到14种与趋磁细菌有关的序列，其中13种属于α-变形菌纲，1种属于γ-变形菌纲，皆属于未培养的海洋趋磁球菌，且与最接近的海洋趋磁细菌的相似性为90.1-96.2%，低于97%，表明该地区的单细胞趋磁细菌为新发现的微生物资源。

英文摘要:

Marine magnetotactic bacteria were collected from the intertidal sediments of Yuehu Lake (China), where their abundance reached 10³-10⁴ ind./cm³. Diverse morphotypes of magnetotactic bacteria were observed, including cocci and oval, vibrio-, spirillum-, rod-, elliptical-, handle- and bar-shaped forms. The magnetococci were the most abundant, and had flagella arranged in parallel within a bundle. The majority of magnetosomes were arranged in one, two or multiple chains, although irregular arrangements were also evident. All the results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis show that magnetosome crystals were composed of Fe₃O₄, and their morphology was specific to particular cell morphotypes. By the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we found fourteen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which were related to magnetotactic bacteria. Among these, thirteen belonged to the Alphaproteobacteria and one to the Gammaproteobacteria. Compared with known axenic and uncultured marine magnetotactic bacteria, the 16S rRNA gene sequences of most magnetotactic bacteria collected from the Yuehu Lake exhibited sequence identities ranging from 90.1% to 96.2% (<97%). The results indicate that microbial communities containing previously unidentified magnetotactic bacteria occur in the Yuehu Lake.

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